Tense kesimpulan dan macam - macamnya

TENSE adalah bentuk-brntuk perubahan kata kerja dalam kalimat; Verb, Be, dan Auxileary, yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan ketentuan waktu dan kondisi. Secara Tradisonal, TENSE hanya dikelompokan menjadi tiga bagian, kelompok kemarin (Past), kelompok sekarang (Present), dan kelompok besok (Future). Perhatikan frase kata kerja berikut, dan perhatikan kata yang dicetak miring.

PRESENT

1. Eat breakfast : makan pagi
2. It eating breakfast : sedang makan pagi
3. Has eaten breakfast : sudah makan pagi
4. Has been eating breakfast : sedang makan pagi ( selama )

PAST

1. Ate breakfast : makan pagi (mis. Kemarin)
2. Was eating breakfast : sedang makan pagi (saat itu, ketika)
3. Had eaten breakfast : sudah makan pagi (saat itu, ketika)
4. Had been eaten breakfast : sudah makan pagi selama…. (saat itu, ketika)

FUTURE

1. Will eat breakfast : akan makan pagi
2. Will eating breakfast : akan sedang makan pagi (saat….)
3. Will have eaten breakfast : akan sudah selesai makan pagi (saat…)
4. Will have been eating breakfast : akan sudah makan pagi (selama…)

PEMBAGIAN TENSES

A. PRESENT

1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous/Progressive Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Continuous/Perfect Progressive Tense

B. PAST

1. Simple Past Tense
2. Past Continuous/Progressive Tense
3. Past Perfect Tense
4. Past Continuous/Perfect Progressive Tense

C. FUTURE

1. Future Tense
2. Future Continuous Tense/Future Progressive Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Continuous/Future Perfect Progressive Tense

PENJELASAN

1. Presen Tense

A. Contoh
1. Mr. Boy is a very kind teacher
2. He is in the classroom
3. He is a very busy man
4. I usually eat breakfast every morning
5. Oshine work in a government Office in solo
6. Oshine get up at 4:00 a.m. every morning
7. Cessa doesn’t work at the government Office.
8. Sheilla knows the name of mike’s father
9. I don’t know the name of mike’s father
10. Sheilla Like to meet mike
11. Does Bella like Rock music ?
12. Sinta and Shophia don’t want to eat lunch together.
13. The earth goes around the sun
14. There are seven days in a week
B. Kesimpulan
Present Tense digunakan untuk :
* Menunjukan realita sekarang, seperti dalam contoh: 1,2,3,8,9,10 dan 11.
* Menunjukan kebiasaan aktifitas, sperti dalam contoh : 4,5,6 dan 7.
* Menunjukan suatu/ kebenaran yang berlaku universal, seperti contoh nomor : 13 dan 14.
* Menunjukan peryataan sekarang (current statement ), seperti contoh nomor 12
* Untuk kalimat negatif gunakan auxiliary., doesn’t atau don’t sesuai dengan subjeck. Juga juntuk kalimat interrogative, digunakan auxiliary. Does atau do sesuai dengan objek.

2. Present Continuous Tense

A. Contoh :
1. Mr. boy is teaching in the class now.
2. Sinta’s mother is at home. She is cooking right now.
3. Where is Reza? Is she eating breakfast now ?
4. Febby is not at home now. Maybe, she is buying some books at the book store.
5. A lot of people are in the room now. They are having a seminar.
6. I am studying English for the exam now.
B. Kesimpulan
a. Gunakan Present Continuous Tense untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang bermakna sedang berlangsung. Bentuk kata kerja selalu diikuti akhiran -ing.
b. Gunakan to be sesuai dengan subjek kalimatnya; is, am, atau are.

3. Present Perfect Tense

A. Contoh
1. I feel fit, because I have eaten breakfast.
2. The teacher is very glad, because an has done her homework.
3. Have you seen the movie, “Batman Forever”?
4. I have finished my job, so I can go home now.
5. I’m sorry, Sinta has fallen in love with the wrong man.
6. I have bought a new book.
B. Kesimpulan
a. Gunakan Present Continuous Tense untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang bermakna sudah selesai dilakukan, atau sudah terjadi. Bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan adalah have/has + Verb 3.
b. Gunakan has atau have sesuai dengan objek kalimat.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Contoh
1. I have been living in this nice city for more than 15 years.
2. Diva has been studying at the university for one year.
3. Saphira has been working as a reporter for world news for three years.
4. How long has your father been working I the bank? He’s been working there for more than for years.
5. How long has Mr. Dion been teaching at the university ? he has (he’s) bee teaching at this university since he graduated.
6. How long has miss Nani been working as a secretary ? she has been working as a secretary since 1994
B. Kesimpulan
a. gunakan Present Continuous Tense untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang bermakna sudah dengan bentuk kata kerja: has/have + been + Verb –ing.
b. Auxiliary: has/have disesuaikan dengan subjek kalimat.

5. Past Tense

A. Contoh
1. Jully came to the meeting yesterday.
2. Febby didn’t attend the party last night.
3. This room was full of student yesterday.
4. Did you meet taffana at the plaza last night?
5. Ivone and cessa were very busy yesterday.
6. Iffat could do the test very well, because she studied last night.
7. Yesterday morning, Coroline got up at 4:30 and she walked to school.
B. Kesimpulan
a. Gunakan verb-2 untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang bermakna “me…….” Pada waktu yang sudah lewat, misalnya kemaren, tadi pagi, beberapa hari yang lalu, bulan yang lalu, dsb.
b. Verb-2 ditandai dengan menambahkan suffix -ed, pada kata kerja yang regular (teratur), dan perubahan tertentu pada kata kerja yang irregular (tidak teratur)
c. Contoh regular verb
• Play > played
• Study > studied
• Help > helped
• Attend > attended
d. Irregular verb
• Get up > got up
• Is/am > was
• Come > ceme
• Meet > met
e. Dalam bentuk kata kerja negatif, gunakan kata bantu didn’t, misalnya: didn’t come, didn’t attend,…
f. Perubahan modal dalam past tense adalah sebagai berikut : can do > could do>, will come would come
g. Untuk kata kerja be ( is, am, are) yang didalam kalimat biasa diikuti oleh kata sifat (adjective), kata keterangan ( adverb) atau kata benda ( noun)berubah menjadi bentuk past: was dan were
6. Past Continous Tense
A. Contoh
1. I was still waiting for the bus when it began to rain
2. Yesterday, I was reading a novel when my friend surprised me
3. Bella was still studying in her very nice room, when her boyfriend came
4. Well, I would like to tell you that when I gave the dictionary to Geofanny, she was still watching TV
5. At. 07.00 last night, I wa still talking to my parents
6. Febby was driving to campus when she met her old boyfriend
7. While the students were arguing about something, the teacher came into the room.
8. Mr. Boy was teaching in the class at this time yesterday
B. Kesimpulan
a. Past Continous tense digunkan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau, dengan bentuk kata kerja; ( was/were + V-ing). Lihat contoh 5 dan 8)
b. ( was + V-ing) atau ( were + V-ing ) disesuaikan dengan bentuk subject kalimat.
c. Past Continous Tense juga digunakan untuk

7. Past Perfect Tense

A. Contoh
1. I had locked all doors before I went to bed
2. I had met Rosi before I met Ann last year
3. Before sinta came to my house, I had finishe my homework
4. Before Saphira met Mike, she had met Richie
5. Before Ann joined with the Blue Club, she had joined with Alga Club
6. I had graduated from the university before finally I got Job
7. Oshine had given me the letter, before I asked for it
8. Sophia had left the house before Indra got there
9. Bella had refused to say anything before Mike said “ I love you”.
B. Kesimpulan
a. Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakuka sebelum saat tertentu, dengan kata kerja berbentuk, “ had + verb3………..before Verb 2
b. Makna yang terkandung didalam Past perfect Tense adalah : ‘ sudah me…..sebelum ….”
8. Past Perfect Continuous tense
A. Contoh
1. I had been studying for two hours before I went to bed at 11.00 last night
2. I had been waiting for the bus for thirty minutes before it finally I began to rain at 2.00 pm
3. Keke had been doing the test for more than 45 minutes before the teacher came into the room
4. Dany had been working with the computer for an hour before it was finally shut down
5. Susi had been sleeping in her very nice bedroom for an hour before her mother woke up her
6. I had been talking to enen for about 30 minutes before finally her father asked me to help him
7. Until 1991, I had been studying at the university for 4 years
B. Kesimpulan
a. Past Perfect continous Tense bermakna suatu hal atau aktifitas terjadi sebelum/hingga….( pada saat yang telah lalu) yang dinyatakan dengan formula kata kerja : had been + Verb Ing
b. Jawab Pertanyaan berikut, ‘ sudah berapa lama anda belajar di SMU hingga akhir bulan kemarin?” jika anda menjawab pertanyaan ini , pastikan memakai bentuk past perfect continous.

9. Future Tense

A. Contoh
1. I will have a vacation at the end of this mouth
2. I will have an exam next week
3. I will go to Super Plaza tomorrow. How about you?What will you do tomorrow
4. Dany is going to meet me at the office next Monday. Are you going to do special thing next Monday?
5. Erline will make some applications for some jobs after she graduates next year. How about you? What will you do after you graduated from the university?

B. Kesimpulan
Gunakan Future tense untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan, direncanakan atau sesuatu yang akan terjadi, dengan kata kerja berbentuk Will+ Verb1, atau Is going to + Verb 1

10. Future Continuous tense

A. Contoh
1. I will be watching TV at 08.00 tonight
2. Iam sure that at this time tomorrow, it wil be raining
3. Sania will be doing her homework tonight at 07.00. How about you, what will you be doing at 07.00 tonight?
4. If you come to sinta house tomorrow afternoon at about 3;00, you will see that Sinta will be cooking with her mother at the time.
5. When I get up tomorrow, I am sure that at the time, the birds will be singing, the sun will be shinning, and my mother will be preparing breakfast for the family
6. At this time tomorrow, I will be studying in the classroom together with my classmates.
B. Kesimpulan
a. Future continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung dimasa yang akan datang. Bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan adlah Will be + V ing dan ditambah keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan future, misalnya : at 07.00 tomorrow, dsb.
b. Jawab pertanyaan berikut : “ Apa kira kira yang sednag anda lakukan besok jam 5.00?” untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, gunakan kata kerja berbentuk Future Continuous Tense, misalnya ,” Sedang menonton TV watching TV, tapi karena dilakukan besok maka harus memakai “ Will be” Will be wathing TV

11. Future Perfect Tense

A. Contoh
1. Before this weekend, Anna will have returned the book tithe library.
2. Before 11.00 tonight, I will have fallen asleep.
3. By the end of this year, I will have graduated from this university
4. Bertha will have finished her homework by 8;00 tonight
5. By the end of this month, Sinta will have collected 500 stamps.
B. Kesimpulan
Gunkan Future Perfect Tense untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang bernakna, ‘ sudah akan selesai pada saat tertentu nanti/ di waktu yang akan dating. Bentuk kata kerja y6ang digunakan adalah : Will have + Verb # dan ditambahi keterangan waktu s[erti : by the end, by the time.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Contoh
1. I will have been studying English for more than five years by the end of this year.
2. I will have been staying at the boarding house for a year by the end of this month.
3. I will have been studying at this university for 2 years by the end of next month
4. I will begin to read the novel at 7;00 tonight. Sita plans to come to my house at 9:00 tonight, so by the time Sinta gets to my house, I will have been reading the novel for two hours.
5. Cessa will come to meet Reza at the plaza theater at 3: 00 tomorrow afternoon. If Reza oesn’t come until 4:00, she will have been waiting for Reza for an hour.
6. Mr. Boy has been teaching at the university since 1993. By the end of the year of 2000, he will have been teaching there for 7 years.
7. Niken has been doing her homework for an hour since 7;00 o’clock. Now, she is still doing her homework. She will have been doing it for two hour by 9:00 tonight, and by 10.00 she will have finished it
B. Kesimpulan
A. Future Continuous, digunkan untuk mengungkapkan sesutau yang bermakna, kana sudah dilakukan selama beberpa waktu di masa yang akan dating.
B. Bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan adalah will have been + Verb ing dengan diikuti keternagan waktu : for, by the time, atau by the end of.


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